由两部分组成：
-与电源电压同相的有功分量IR与输出直接相关（因此与转换的电能部分直接相关）
转化为不同类型的能量，通常是具有不同特性的电能，
机械、光和/或热）；
-与电压正交的无功分量IQ用于产生
通过电或磁转换功率所需的流量
领域没有这一点，就不可能有权力流动，例如在一个
变压器或电机的气隙中。
在常见的情况下，在存在欧姆感应型负载的情况下
与有功分量IR相比，总电流（I）滞后。
在电气装置中，有必要生成和传输，而不是
有功功率P，某个无功功率Q，对转换至关重要
电能，但用户无法使用。权力的情结
发电和输电构成视在功率S。
功率因数（cosν）定义为有源元件IR之间的比率
和电流l的总值；ν是电压之间的相移
U和电流l。
结果如下：
无功需求系数（tanñ）是无功功率之间的关系
有功功率：
3.1一般方面
ABB |电气设备423
3功率因数校正
负载cosƍtanƍ
功率因数无功需求因数
变压器（空载条件）0.1÷0.15 9.9÷6.6
电机（满载）0.7÷0.85 1.0÷0.62
电机（空载）0.15 6.6
金属加工设备：
-电弧焊0.35÷0.6 2.7÷1.3
-电弧焊补偿0.7÷0.8 1.0÷0.75
-电阻焊：0.4÷0.6 2.3÷1.3
-电弧炉0.75÷0.9 0.9÷0.5
荧光灯
-补偿0.9 0.5
-未补偿0.4÷0.6 2.3÷1.3
汞蒸气灯0.5 1.7
钠蒸汽灯0.65÷0.75 1.2÷0.9
交直流变流器0.6÷0.95 1.3÷0.3
直流驱动器0.4÷0.75 2.3÷0.9
交流驱动器0.95÷0.97 0.33÷0.25
电阻负载1 0
表1：典型功率因数
功率因数校正是在特定情况下增加功率因数的动作
通过本地提供必要的无功功率，
从而将电流值降低到所需功率的等效值，以及
因此，从上游侧吸收的总功率。因此，供应
线路、发电机和变压器的尺寸可以降低视在电压
负载所需的功率值。
具体来说，如图1和图2所示，增加
负载：
-降低每单位传输有功功率的相对压降urp；
-另一方面，增加可传输有功功率并减少损耗
尺寸标注参数保持相等。

factor correction 3.1 General aspects 1SDC010041F0201 P Q2 S2 Power factor correction unit Motor (reactive power generator) Qc P Q1 S1 P Q2 S2 Q1 Qc S1 The distribution authority is responsible for the production and transmission of the reactive power required by the user installations, and therefore has a series of further inconveniences which can be summarized as: - oversizing of the conductors and of the components of the transmission lines; - higher Joule-effect losses and higher voltage drops in the components and lines. The same inconveniences are present in the distribution installation of the final user. The power factor is an excellent index of the size of the added costs and is therefore used by the distribution authority to define the purchase price of the energy for the final user. The ideal situation would be to have a cosϕ slightly higher than the set reference so as to avoid payment of legal penalties, and at the same time not to risk having, with a cosϕ too close to the unit, a leading power factor when the power factor corrected device is working with a low load. The distribution authority generally does not allow others to supply reactive power to the network, also due to the possibility of unexpected overvoltages. In the case of a sinusoidal waveform, the reactive power necessary to pass from one power factor cosϕ1 to a power factor cosϕ2 is given by the formula: where: P is the active power; Q1 ,ϕ1 are the reactive power and the phase shifting before power factor correction; Q2 ,ϕ2 are the reactive power and the phase shifting after power factor correction; Qc is the reactive power for the power factor correction. 426 Electrical devices | ABB 3 Power factor correction 3.1 General aspects Table 2 shows the value of the relationship for different values of the power factor before and after the correction. Table 2: Factor Kc Kc cosϕ2 cosϕ1 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 0.60 0.583 0.714 0.849 0.878 0.907 0.938 0.970 1.005 1.042 1.083 1.130 1.191 1.333 0.61 0.549 0.679 0.815 0.843 0.873 0.904 0.936 0.970 1.007 1.048 1.096 1.157 1.299 0.62 0.515 0.646 0.781 0.810 0.839 0.870 0.903 0.937 0.974 1.015 1.062 1.123 1.265 0.63 0.483 0.613 0.748 0.777 0.807 0.837 0.870 0.904 0.941 0.982 1.030 1.090 1.233 0.64 0.451 0.581 0.716 0.745 0.775 0.805 0.838 0.872 0.909 0.950 0.998 1.058 1.201 0.65 0.419 0.549 0.685 0.714 0.743 0.774 0.806 0.840 0.877 0.919 0.966 1.027 1.169 0.66 0.388 0.519 0.654 0.683 0.712 0.743 0.775 0.810 0.847 0.888 0.935 0.996 1.138 0.67 0.358 0.488 0.624 0.652 0.682 0.713 0.745 0.779 0.816 0.857 0.905 0.966 1.108 0.68 0.328 0.459 0.594 0.623 0.652 0.683 0.715 0.750 0.787 0.828 0.875 0.936 1.078 0.69 0.299 0.429 0.565 0.593 0.623 0.654 0.686 0.720 0.757 0.798 0.846 0.907 1.049 0.70 0.270 0.400 0.536 0.565 0.594 0.625 0.657 0.692 0.729 0.770 0.817 0.878 1.020 0.71 0.242 0.372 0.508 0.536 0.566 0.597 0.629 0.663 0.700 0.741 0.789 0.849 0.992