IS200ACLEH1A
图1显示了光伏效应和能量平衡
未转换的入射太阳能的相当大比例
转化为电能。
光伏效应
100%入射太阳能
-3%反射损失和前触点阴影
-23%的光子波长较高，能量不足，无法释放
电子；产生热量
-32%的光子波长较短，能量过剩（传输）
-8.5%的自由载流子复合
-电池中20%的电梯度，尤其是在过渡区
-0.5%串联电阻，表示传导损耗
=13%可用电能
积极乐观的
接触P层
P-N区域
N层
消极的
电极
1.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1电荷分离
2重组
3变速箱
4前触点的反射和阴影
在标准操作条件下（1W/m2
温度为时的辐照度
25°C）光伏电池产生约3A的电流，电压为0.5V和
峰值功率等于1.5-1.7Wp。
市场上出售的光伏组件由电池组件构成。
常见的是由4个平行行中的36个单元串联而成，
面积在0.5到1m2之间
。
几个机械和电气连接的模块构成一个面板，即
可锚固在地面或建筑物上的普通结构。
几个串联电气连接的面板构成一个阵列
平行电连接以产生所需功率的阵列构成发电机或光伏场。

Figure 1 represents the photovoltaic effect and the energy balance showing the considerable percentage of incident solar energy which is not converted into electric energy. Photovoltaic effect 100% of the incident solar energy - 3% reflection losses and shading of the front contacts - 23% photons with high wavelength, with insufficient energy to free electrons; heat is generated - 32% photons with short wavelength, with excess energy (transmission) - 8.5% recombination of the free charge carriers - 20% electric gradient in the cell, above all in the transition regions - 0.5% resistance in series, representing the conduction losses = 13% usable electric energy Positive contact P layer P-N region N Layer Negative electrode 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 Separation of the charge 2 Recombination 3 Transmission 4 Reflection and shading of the front contacts Under standard operating conditions (1W/m2 irradiance at a temperature of 25°C) a PV cell generates a current of about 3A with a voltage of 0.5V and a peak power equal to 1.5-1.7Wp. On the market there are photovoltaic modules for sale constituted by an assembly of cells. The most common ones comprise 36 cells in 4 parallel row connected in series, with an area ranging from 0.5 to 1m2 . Several modules mechanically and electrically connected form a panel, that is a common structure which can be anchored to the ground or to a building. Several panels electrically connected in series constitute an array and several arrays, electrically connected in parallel to generate the required power, constitute the generator or photovoltaic field.