NIMF01
关于温升极限，从开关设备的角度来看
认证，可以遵循三种新的可用程序之一，
尤其是：
1） 验证试验（以前定义的型式试验），其中
在使用条件下达到和保持的上升，是在原型组件内部预定的点上测量的，原型组件在电流下实际测试
在实验室。然后将这些值与允许的值进行比较
（如前页所示）；如果测量值小于或等于
对于可接受的测试，当前测试被视为通过
在确定的条件下（环境温度，
湿度等）；
2） 类似变体的衍生（来自测试的电缆组件）；这位职业选手
cedure仅适用于通过测试获得的数据，用于
验证未经测试的变体是否符合要求
关于测试装配安排的比较规则。
如果与
经过测试的安排如下：
-相同类型的功能单元（例如：相同的电气图、设备）
具有相同的尺寸、相同的布置和固定、相同的装配结构，
与测试所用功能单元相同的电缆和接线）；
-与试验使用的结构类型相同；
-与试验所用外形尺寸相同或增加的外形尺寸；
-与试验相同或增加的冷却条件（强制或自然）
对流，相同或更大的通风孔）；
-与试验相同或减少的内部分离（如有）；
-在同一段中的功率损耗与
测验
-每个区段的输出电路数量相同或减少。
ABB |保护和控制装置227
5个配电盘
5.1电气配电盘
3） 通过计算对温升进行了验证。在这种情况下
不考虑实验室测试和数学算法
多年来，面板制造商一直在使用热力学类型。这些纯计算方法有两种，不同的和不同的
它们之间相互独立，可替代测试。他们是：
a） 所谓的“权力之法”基于不超过上限
确定的外壳中的热功率损失能力限制。
为了确定损耗值，以瓦特为单位，计算空电池的温升
通过插入一些可调的加热电阻来模拟装配，这些电阻
应使外壳达到其热稳定状态。
一旦达到热稳定状态，并且在验证
每个外壳的温升限值包括在规定范围内，
可以得到热功率损失的大值。
这种方法受到一些限制的影响，尤其适用于
开关设备组件：
1） 单室，电流高达630A；
2） 内部损失分布均匀；
3） 其中布置了机械部件和安装的设备
使空气循环不受阻碍，但几乎不受阻碍；
4） 其中导体传输的电流超过200 A
由于涡流造成的结构损失
可以忽略不计的
5） 80%的特定客户使用哪种设备
自由空气中的热流。
b） 标准IEC 60890的计算算法，适用于多个
隔间组件额定电流高达1600 A（以前高达
3150). 在这种情况下，代数计算程序不需要实验
使用数据。
这是一个从下到上追踪的计算过程，
组件在稳态条件下的热图
线性增长并达到大值的温度值
正好在外壳的顶部。
因此，通过总功率损失，可以评估温度
在组件内部，从下到上，从不同的高度升起。

NIMF01
As regards the temperature-rise limits, from the point of view of switchgear certification, it is possible to follow one of the three new available procedures, and in particular: 1) the verification test (formerly defined type-test), in which the temperature rises reached and maintained under service conditions are measured at predefined points inside the prototype assemblies actually tested with current at laboratory. Then these values are compared with the admissible ones (shown in the previous page); if the measured values are lower than or equal to the admissible ones, the test is considered as passed with those current values and under that determined conditions around (ambient temperature, humidity, etc.); 2) the derivation (from a cabled assembly tested) of similar variants; this pro cedure, applicable only if available the data obtained by testing, is used to verify the compliance of non-tested variants however answering to precise comparative rules with respect to the tested assembly arrangements. The derived assemblies are considered in compliance if, compared with the tested arrangements, they have: - the functional units of the same type (e.g.: same electrical diagrams, apparatus of the same size, same arrangements and fixing, same assembling structure, same cables and wiring) as the functional units used for the test; - the same type of construction as used for the test; - the same or increased overall dimensions as used for the test; - the same or increased cooling conditions as used for the test (forced or natural convection, same or larger ventilation openings); - the same or reduced internal separation as used for the test (if any); - the same or reduced power losses in the same section as used for the test; - the same or reduced number of outgoing circuits for every section. ABB | Protection and control devices 227 5 Switchboards 5.1 Electrical switchboards 3) the verification of the temperature rise through calculation. In this case the laboratory tests are not to be considered and mathematical algorithms of thermodynamic type – which are already in use since years by panel builders - are exploited. These methods of pure calculation are two, distinct and independent between them and alternative to tests. They are: a) the so called “method of the powers” based on not-exceeding the upper limit of thermal power loss capability in a determined enclosure. To establish the value of losses, in watt, the temperature rise in the empty assembly is simulated by inserting some adjustable heating resistors, which shall make the enclosure reach its thermal steady state. Once the thermal steady state has been reached and after verifying that the temperature rise limits are included in the defined range, for each enclosure, the maximum value of the thermal power loss can be obtained. This method is affected by some limitations and in particular is applied to switchgear assemblies: 1) with a single compartment and with current up to 630 A; 2) with homogeneous distribution of the internal losses; 3) in which the mechanical parts and the equipment installed are arranged so that air circulation is not but little hampered; 4) in which the conductors transport currents exceeding 200 A and the structural parts are so arranged that the losses due to eddy currents are negligible; 5) which house equipment used by the 80% of the specific conventional thermal current in free air. b) the calculation algorithm of the Std. IEC 60890, applicable to multiple compartment assembliesth rated current up to 1600 A (formerly up to 3150). In this case procedures of algebraic calculation without experimental data are used. It is a calculation procedure which leads to the tracing, from bottom to top, of the thermal map of the assembly under steady state conditions, according to temperature values which grow linearly and reach their maximum value exactly at the top of the enclosure. Thus, through the total power loss, it is possible to evaluate the temperature rise at different levels, inside the assembly, from bottom to top.